Why Patching Matters
Regular security updates and patches are one of the most effective ways to protect against cyber threats. They fix known vulnerabilities before attackers can exploit them.
The Importance of Timely Updates
Security patches address vulnerabilities discovered in software and operating systems. When vendors release patches, they're also publicly acknowledging that vulnerabilities exist, creating a race between administrators applying patches and attackers exploiting unpatched systems.
Types of Updates
Update Categories
- Critical security patches:Fix serious vulnerabilities, apply immediately
- Important updates:Address moderate vulnerabilities, apply within days
- Optional updates:Feature improvements and minor fixes
- Driver updates:Hardware compatibility and security fixes
Patch Management Process
1. Inventory Management
Maintain a comprehensive inventory of all software and systems requiring updates.
2. Monitoring and Assessment
Stay informed about new vulnerabilities and patches through vendor notifications and security bulletins.
3. Testing
Test patches in a controlled environment before deploying to production systems.
4. Deployment
Roll out patches systematically, prioritising critical systems and vulnerabilities.
5. Verification
Confirm patches have been successfully applied and systems are functioning correctly.
Automated vs Manual Patching
Automatic Updates
- Pros: Timely application, reduced administrative overhead
- Cons: Potential for disruption, less control over timing
- Best for: Desktop systems, non-critical applications
Manual Patch Management
- Pros: Full control, testing before deployment
- Cons: Resource intensive, potential for delays
- Best for: Critical systems, complex environments
Operating System Updates
Windows Update
- Configure automatic updates for security patches
- Use Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) for centralised management
- Schedule maintenance windows for major updates
macOS Updates
- Enable automatic security updates
- Use Apple Configurator for enterprise deployment
- Test updates on non-critical systems first
Linux Updates
- Configure package managers for security updates
- Use tools like yum, apt, or zypper for centralised updates
- Implement configuration management for consistent patching
Application Updates
Applications often have separate update mechanisms from the operating system. Key considerations include:
- Web browsers: Enable automatic updates for security
- Office software: Configure automatic security updates
- Antivirus software: Ensure automatic signature updates
- Third-party applications: Monitor vendor security bulletins
Emergency Patching
Sometimes critical vulnerabilities require immediate attention outside normal maintenance windows. Have procedures for:
- Rapid assessment: Quickly evaluate threat severity
- Emergency approval: Streamlined approval process
- Rollback procedures: Plans for reversing problematic patches
- Communication: Notify stakeholders of emergency maintenance
Cyber Essentials Requirements
For Cyber Essentials certification, demonstrate effective patch management:
- Regular updates: Operating systems and applications kept current
- Automatic updates: Enabled where appropriate and safe
- Timely patching: Critical updates applied promptly
- Patch management policy: Documented procedures and responsibilities
- System inventory: Knowledge of all systems requiring updates
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